Mineral yang terdapat dialam ada yang merupakan unsur bebas, ada pula yang merupakan gabungan dari beberapa unsur yaitu berupa senyawa:

Mineral sebagai unsur kimia bebas (native element), misalnya yaitu :

Cu = Cuprum = Copper = tembaga

Au = Aurum = Gold = emas

Pt = Platinum = Platina

S = Sulphur = Sulfur = belerang

C = Carbon = Diamont = intan

C = Carbon = Graphite = grafit

Mineral sebagai senyawa dapat digolongkan menjadi beberapa macam, yaitu

1. Sulfida

Cu2S = Chalcocite = Kalkosite

Fe S2 = Pyrite = Pirit

Cu FeS2 = Chalcophyrite = kalkopirit

Cu Co2S4 = Carrolite = karolit

Ag2 S = Argentite

Pb S = Galena

Zn S = Sphalerite = sfalerite

= Zincblende

Hg S = Sinabar

2. Halida :

Na Cl = Halite = Halit

KCl = Silvite = Silfit

KCl Mg Cl2 6H2O = Carnalite = Karnalite

Na3AlF6 = Kryollite = Kriolit

Ag CL = Serargirit

Ca F2 = Flourite = Flourit

3. Oksida

Si O2 = Quartz = Kuarts

Si O2 = Chalcedony = Kalsedon

Si O2 ( H2O) x = Opal

Al2 O3 = Corundum = korundum

Al2 O3 2 H2O = Bauxite = Bauksite

Sn O2 = Cssiterite = Kasiterit

Fe2 O3 = Hematite = Hematit

4. Hidroksida

Mg ( OH)2 = Bruchite = brukit

MnO (OH) = Manganite = mangan

AlO (OH) = Diaspore

FeO ( OH) = Geothite = Geotit

FeO (OH) nH2O = Limonite

5. Karbonat

CaCO3 = Calsite = kalsit

Ca CO3 = Aragonite = aragonit

Ca CO3 Mg CO3 = Ca Mg (CO3)2 = dolomite

6. Nitrat

Na NO3 = Soda Nitrat = Natrium Nitrat

KNO3 = Kalium Nitrat = Potasium Nitrat

7. Pospat

Ca5 (P.Cl.OH) (PO4)3 = Apatite = Apatit

Ca3 (PO4)3 = Phosphorite = Fosforite

Fe3 (PO4)3 5 H2O = Vivianite = vivianit

Li Al F PO4 = Ambligonite = Ambligonit

8. Sulfat

Ba5 SO4 = Barite = Barit

Ca SO4 = Anhidrite = Anhidrit

Ca5 SO42H2O = Gypsum = Gipsum

K Al3 (OH)3 (SO4)2 = Alunite = Alunit

9. Silikat :

Non –Ferromagnesian silicate

a). Calc.Alkali Feldsfar ( Ca/Na Feldspar) = Plagioclase =plagioklas

a. Ca (Al 2 Si 2 O8 = Anorthite = An 10- Ab1An9

b. Ca, Na (Al 2 Si 2 O8 ) = Bytownite = Ab 1 An9 - Ab3 An7

c. Ca, Na (Al 2 Si 2 O8 ) = Labradorite = Ab3 An7 - Ab5 An5

d. Ca, Na (Al 2 Si 2 O8 ) = Andesin = Ab5 An9 - Ab7 An3

e. Ca, Na (Al 2 Si 2 O8 ) = Oligoclase = Ab7 An3 - Ab9 An1

f. Na Al 2 Si 3 O8 = Albite = Ab10 - Ab3 An1

b. Alkali Feldspar ( K. Na Feldspar)

a. K Al Si 3 O8 = Orthoclase = Artoklas

( K, Na) Al Si 3 O8)

b. ( K, Na) Al Si 3 O8 = Sanidine = Sanidin

c. K Al Si 3 O8 = Microline = mikrolin

d. ( Na, K) Al Si 3 O8 = Anorthoclase = Anortoklas

c). Mika Putih

K Al3 Si 3 O10 ( OHF)2 = Muscovite = Muskovit

Ferromagnesian silicate

(Mg. Fe )2 Si O4 = Olivin

Ca( Mg.Fe) (Si O3)2 [ ( Al, Fe )2O3 ]x = pyroxene = piroksen

Ca( Mg.Fe Al)5 ( OH)2 (Si. Al )4 O11I2 =Hornblende

K2( Mg.Fe)2 ( OH)2 (Al Si 3 O10) = Biotote =Biotit = Mika Hitam